A Review of Income Tax Issues Associated With Intra-Family Loans & Installment Sales

For years, wealthy families and their advisors have utilized intra-family loans and installment sale transactions as part of an overall estate planning strategy to shift wealth tax efficiently between generations.  In fact, installment sales of appreciating assets between grantors and grantor trusts in exchange for promissory notes have become one of the more common estate freeze techniques over the last several decades.  The number of these transactions has exploded largely as a result of the low interest rate environment we’ve experienced since the early 2000’s. Times are changing and interest rates are expected to be higher over the foreseeable future.  Accordingly, we think it’s important for clients and estate planning practitioners to review and reacquaint themselves with many of the income tax rules associated with these transactions to make sure intra-family debt doesn’t produce unintended income tax consequences that could derail the transfer tax benefits sought to be achieved.

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Colony Market Update

After the broad-based downturn in 2022, most asset categories rebounded in 2023 against a backdrop of continued economic expansion and moderating inflation.  Global stock and bond markets experienced a strong year-end rally as the US Fed signaled a potential shift to monetary easing.  Yet, positive surprises for the economy, disinflation, and Fed rate cuts may be more difficult going forward with so much good news already priced in.  While both the economy and financial markets begin 2024 with favorable momentum, we believe some caution is still warranted.  In terms of tactical portfolio positioning, we remain underweight to US large cap stocks where valuations are stretched and perhaps reflect an overly optimistic outlook for near-term earnings growth.  We recommend taking advantage of more attractive yields across fixed income sectors.

For further details please see the link here: CFO Market Backdrop and Outlook (Feb 2024)

If you have any questions or would like to discuss further, please don’t hesitate to reach out.

 

Tax Legislation and IRS Inflation Adjustments

Tax Legislation
A politically divided Congress struggled to pass any form of meaningful legislation in 2023. There had been some discussion around extending or modifying certain expiring tax provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). Expiring TCJA provisions were not the only tax items gathering some movement. Congress had also been discussing multiple tax changes during the year, but the bills were unable to garnish enough support to make their way through committees to the floor for a vote.

Inflation Adjustments
In November, the IRS released inflation-adjusted figures for different components of the Internal Revenue Code. These adjustments apply to tax brackets, phaseouts, contribution limits and various other items for 2024. This memorandum highlights many of these items as we draw closer to the 2024 tax year.

Considering interest rate increases during 2023, the persistence of inflation, and increased market volatility, strategic tax planning remains paramount for individuals seeking to optimize cash flow while minimizing their tax liabilities. It is imperative to be aware of changes from 2023 to 2024 and evaluate for any potential impact on your taxable situation.

 

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Colony Market Brief

The combination of continued global economic expansion with moderating inflation provided a favorable backdrop for financial markets in the first half of 2023. Corporate earnings results were generally better than expected, which improved investor sentiment toward equities. The US market rally was led by mega-cap technology stocks and fueled by excitement around artificial intelligence. Yet, September was a tough month for risk assets and equities in particular.  Click here to read a brief investment market commentary.

Colony Market Update

Despite some weakness thus far in August, the combination of continued global economic expansion with moderating inflation has provided a favorable backdrop for riskier assets thus far in 2023. So far, the economy and corporate profits have proved more resilient than the consensus expected. Despite an inverted yield curve and deteriorating leading economic indicators, the US economy has avoided recession. However, we worry that the lagged effects of monetary policy tightening will become a bigger headwind to corporate earnings. With US stock valuations still stretched, we believe some caution is still warranted. In terms of tactical portfolio positioning, we remain underweight to public equities, particularly US large-cap stocks, in favor of increased exposure to fixed income and cash given more attractive yields.

Please see the attached update for our detailed update.

If you have any questions or would like to discuss further, please don’t hesitate to reach out.

Colony Market Brief

Recent market concerns have centered on the banking crisis that began with Silicon Valley Bank, but attention has now turned to the debt situation of the United States Government. The US hit its $31.4 trillion debt limit on January 19, which means the government cannot technically issue any new debt—and lawmakers have yet to agree on raising the debt ceiling. Since January, the US Treasury has been using various “extraordinary” measures to continue paying the government’s obligations in full and on time—but those funds may run out in early June, triggering a sense of urgency around the debt ceiling debate. We’ve prepared a brief commentary piece to share some perspective.

Colony Market Brief

Given the news flow over the past few weeks, accompanied by financial market volatility, we are reaching out with a brief commentary piece to share our perspective. The attached provides a summary of our assessment of the macroeconomic backdrop and current portfolio positioning

IRS Inflation-Adjusted Tax Items

In late December, Congress passed a significant omnibus budget bill. Included was the Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement 2.0 Act of 2022 (“Secure Act 2.0”), which contains various retirement and other changes that practitioners and their clients need to be aware of. It provides new incentives for employers to offer retirement plans to their employees and for employees to participate and improve their retirement security.

Secure Act 2.0 aims to help employees and their beneficiaries, owner-employees, small businesses, and retirees, and ease costs, administrative burdens, and penalties for inadvertent mistakes. It will also require most plans to be amended to comply with some of its provisions. The 2023 omnibus bill containing the new provisions was signed into law by President Biden on December 29, 2022. Highlights of the new legislation are included in this memorandum after a summary of the many new IRS inflation adjustments that apply to various tax items in 2023.

Click here to see the full update

Colony Market Review & Investment Outlook

In addition to a one-page executive summary, our most recent Investment Commentary includes a review of recent financial market results, our assessment of the macro backdrop, and an update on portfolio strategy. Here’s an overview:

  • 2022 proved challenging for most asset categories as financial markets battled several headwinds, including high inflation, hawkish central banks, the Russia-Ukraine war, and lockdowns in China.
  • The broad equity market sell-off improved valuations, but US stocks may not be adequately discounting the risk of a decline in corporate earnings—although a US recession is widely anticipated by economists. A mild recession within the next 12 months is also our base case assumption, but it’s not a certainty given the strength of the labor market.
  • To combat inflation, the US Federal Reserve has pursued one of its most aggressive rate hiking cycles on record. Bond yields have returned to levels not seen since 2008, indicating better forward-looking returns. However, the uncertain macroeconomic environment and geopolitical backdrop suggests that volatility across asset classes will remain elevated.
  • Proper portfolio diversification remains as important as ever. In terms of tactical positioning, we maintain a slight underweight position in core/investment grade bonds, but recommend increasing exposure given recent weakness and compelling yields. We continue to target an underweight position in US large cap stocks, but remain fully invested in more attractively valued international stocks. We also continue to target an overweight position in real assets like commodities.

Click here to read the full commentary.